BPC-157 peptide therapy | Uses, dosage, and safety

BPC-157 is a synthetic peptide made of 15 amino acids (pentadecapeptide) that is under active research for its regenerative and healing properties. In particular, it has shown potential to:

• Speed up injury recovery

• Reduce pain and inflammation

• Enhance muscle endurance

Unfortunately, there are few human trials investigating the effects of BPC-157, but animal research and test tube experiments suggest that the peptide has excellent safety and potency.

The peptide may work through multiple pathways to aid the healing process in various tissues and organs, including the skin, muscles, tendons, joints, nerves, and parts of the digestive system.

In this guide, we will break down the latest information on the peptide’s mechanism of action, uses, and side effects for researchers who plan on studying BPC-157′s potential.

Researchers will also discover how to dose and administer the peptide in research settings, as well as where to source 99% pure BPC-157 online.

P.S: Click here to order BPC-157 online!

What is BPC-157?

BPC-157 (Body Protection Compound-157) is a synthetic pentadecapeptide, also referred to as PL 14736, PL-10, or Bepecin in the scientific literature [1, 2]

It was developed in the early 1990s and found to have derived from naturally occurring gastric proteins by Sikiric et al. (1993), although it does not share homology with known proteins [3, 4]. This initial team also patented the peptide in 1998 (the patent expired in 2018) [5].

The peptide is also referred to as stable gastric peptide, due to its significant resistance to degradation, even in stomach acid. According to in vitro research, this pentadecapeptide possesses great stability (over 24h) in gastric juice [4].

BPC-157 also appears to be moderately stable in plasma for up to four hours and detectable in urine for at least four days (in vitro) [2].

Unfortunately, the research on BPC-157 is still preliminary and has been conducted primarily in animals and test tube trials.

As of writing, there are no clinical studies published in full text with this peptide despite the fact that the peptide entered phase 1 trials as an anti-ulcerative agent in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients [6].

Thus, BPC-157 is not currently approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration, or any comparable overseas regulatory agency, for human therapeutic use and is not available for any medical indication.

In 2022, the peptide was banned by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) under the S0 category—unapproved substances that are prohibited at all times (in and out of competition) [7]. That decision was based on the fact that BPC-157 is not sufficiently studied in human trials.

BPC-157 is currently considered a research chemical. Therefore, qualified scientists and laboratory professionals can legally purchase the peptide as a reference material for research purposes.

What Does BPC-157 Do?

The exact mechanism via which BPC-157 may exert its benefits is yet to be fully established. However, researchers suspect that there are various pathways that likely work together to mediate its action.

First of all, BPC-157 appears to interact with various growth factors, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and early growth response gene-1 (EGR-1).

VEGF is a major stimulant of angiogenesis (formation of new blood vessels), while EGR-1 may play a beneficial role in the nervous system and has been suggested to aid in early extracellular matrix (collagen) formation.

Upregulating these growth factors is thought to mediate the peptide’s healing effects on wounds in epithelial tissues, tendons, and muscles [1, 8]

The peptide may also activate cells involved in connective tissue repair, such as fibroblasts, and upregulate the production of vasodilators like nitric oxide (NO) [9, 10].

In addition, the protective effects of BPC-157 on the gastrointestinal tract against ulcer-causing agents and stress may be mediated via interactions with the nervous system. For example, blocking the alpha-adrenergic and dopaminergic systems in test animals has been shown to abolish these protective effects in the gut [11].

These are not the only interactions between BPC-157 and parts of the nervous system. The peptide may also benefit the central nervous system by interacting with serotonin signaling.

BPC-157 may upregulate serotonin signaling in several brain regions, such as the substantia nigra reticulata and nucleus olfactorius anterior, which could exert potential neuroprotective effects, as well as benefits for mood and cognition [12]

BPC-157 Benefits | Current State of Research

BPC-157 is believed to have several beneficial effects on the body, including promoting tissue repair and protecting the gastrointestinal tract. It may have anti-inflammatory effects by reducing the production of pro-inflammatory molecules and modulating immune responses.

BPC-157 may also accelerate the healing of various tissues, including tendons, ligaments, muscles, and skin. It is thought to stimulate the formation of new blood vessels, enhance collagen production, and improve the overall regenerative process.

Below we’ll outline key studies on the benefits of BPC-157, which researchers should consider when incorporating this peptide into their experiments.

BPC-157 for injury recovery and inflammation

Animal experiments suggest that BPC-157 may help injury recovery, especially in tissues like tendons, muscles, and bones, via stimulating angiogenesis and fibroblast proliferation [10].

On the other hand, an in vitro study on transected tendons reported that BPC-157 may not exert a direct stimulus on fibroblast proliferation, but that it may potentiate migration and the spreading of tendon fibroblasts on culture dishes [13].

Regardless of the specific mechanism, the available preliminary studies report improved healing in animal models of crushed muscles that were treated with BPC-157 [14].

Researchers have also investigated the effects of BPC-157 on early functional recovery in Achilles tendon-to-bone healing in a rat model [15, 16].

The results showed that BPC-157 improved functional recovery by reducing inflammation (measured by myeloperoxidase activity and histological inflammatory cell influx) and promoting angiogenesis.

It enhanced the organization of collagen fibers, improved vascularity, and increased the production of collagen type I. In contrast, the administration of methylprednisolone worsened the healing process, but BPC-157 counteracted this negative effect [15, 16].

Research in rabbits with incompletely healed bone defects has tested the therapeutic potential of BPC-157 injections applied directly into the defect. The authors reported significantly improved healing in the BPC-157 treated subjects groups compared to controls. Radiographic assessment, micro photo-densitometry, and quantitative histomorphometry showed that the effects of BPC-157 were similar to those of local application of bone marrow or cortical graft [17].

Other animal models of injuries further confirm the anti-inflammatory effects of BPC-157 and suggest the peptide may also have pain-relieving properties [18, 19].

BPC-157 for digestive health and wound healing

Among the first identified benefits of BPC-157 are tissue regeneration in the digestive system and healing of peptic ulcers.

One rat study investigated the healing effects of different doses of BPC-157 on ileoileal anastomosis (surgically resected and then rejoined small intestines) over 14 days. The results showed that higher doses of BPC-157 significantly improved the healing process of the strength of the anastomosis.

The authors also reported that adhesion formation with other parts of the intestines was minimal and that the blood vessels around the surgical intervention were well-supplied. There was also an increase in granulation tissue, reticulin, and collagen formation, leading to enhanced epithelization and healing [20].

Another murine study investigated the healing effects of BPC-157 when administered orally and intraperitoneally for four weeks to rats with short bowel syndrome and weight loss related to the intestinal resection.

The rats treated with BPC-157 showed immediate weight gain and increased villus height, crypt depth, and muscle thickness of the intestines. The diameters of the jejunum and ileum remained stable, maintaining a favorable jejunum-to-ileum ratio, and the strength of the anastomosis improved.

The study suggested that BPC-157 may exert its wound healing benefits on the gastrointestinal tract even when administered orally [21].

Several narrative reviews summarize similar experiments and report that BPC-157 may also protect stomach cells from damage, maintain the integrity of gastric mucosa, and prevent ulcers caused by substances such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs) [22, 23, 24].

Apart from healing in the gastrointestinal tract, studies suggest that BPC-157 may also speed up the healing of wounds affecting the skin, such as burn injuries. One study was performed on rats with alkali burns who received topical BPC-157. The therapy accelerated wound closure and improved tissue healing compared to controls [25].

BPC-157 for neuroprotection

BPC-157 appears to yield potential benefits for the central nervous system, which may include protection against toxicity and injuries.

In a 2014 study, researchers investigated the effects of BPC-157 on methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity in rats. The animals were divided into two groups: one receiving BPC-157 and the other receiving a saline solution.

After seven days of post-intervention monitoring, the rats in the BPC-157 group showed fewer neurodegenerative effects and had similar locomotor activity to healthy rats, while the control group showed marked hyperactivity.

The control group also had more damaged brain neurons, while the BPC-157 group had a higher number of normal-appearing neurons [26].

The peptide was also tested for its potential benefits in traumatic brain injury (TBI) in mice. BPC-157 administration resulted in a significant reduction of damage and improved outcomes in the early stages following TBI and also showed a decrease in mortality rates throughout the 24-hour post-injury period.

When given prophylactically before TBI, BPC-157 demonstrated a lower risk of unconsciousness or death in response to different force impulses [27].

BPC-157 Side Effects

The side effects of BPC-157 remain largely unknown due to the lack of published clinical trials and human data.

For now, laboratory experiments in test animals suggest that the peptide is extremely well tolerated with virtually no toxicity, even at high doses [28].

While animal studies have demonstrated a high level of tolerance and no observed toxicity or side effects, these findings cannot be directly extrapolated to humans.

Therefore, the absence of human data makes it impossible to determine the short or long-term potential adverse reactions of BPC-157.

In the event that side effects do exist, they could be unexpected and difficult to predict without human-specific data. It is likewise important to consider the potential side effects associated with the chosen route of administration, such as subcutaneous injections.

When administered subcutaneously, commonly reported side effects include local reactions at the injection site, such as redness, swelling, or irritation.

These effects are generally mild and transient, resolving on their own without intervention. It is important to note that individual responses to BPC-157 may vary, and some subjects may experience different or additional side effects.

Given the limited knowledge regarding the side effects of BPC-157, researchers should exercise caution when conducting research with this peptide.

Is BPC-157 Safe?

The safety profile of BPC-157 remains largely unknown due to lack of assessment by any regulatory agency, including the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

There is a significant lack of human data regarding its safety for clinical use. As a result, any claims regarding the safety of BPC-157 should be approached cautiously and skeptically.

The available data from preclinical research reveals a favorable safety profile, even at very high doses. Yet, given the current knowledge gap, researchers are advised to proceed with caution and prudence when working with BPC-157.

BPC-157 Dosage Calculator and Chart

Researchers should note that limited clinical research is available from which to draw dosing recommendations for BPC-157. Much of the guidance on BPC-157 dosing is derived from animal studies and anecdotal reports of human use.

The majority of animal studies have been performed on rats with doses of up to 10mcg/kg per day [29]. To establish an equivalent dosage in humans, a common approach is to utilize the practice guide for dose conversion developed by Nair et al. (2016).

According to this guide, the conversion factor from rats to humans is approximately 1/6.2. Applying this conversion, a dosage of 10 mcg/kg in rats corresponds to approximately 1.61mcg/kg in humans [30]. This would equal 0.73mcg/lb or about 146mcg for a 200lb person.

Anecdotal reports have suggested similar dosage ranges for BPC-157 usage in humans, typically falling within the range of 2-4 mcg/kg or 0.9-1.8mcg/lb. The most widely speculated daily dosage for BPC-157 in humans is around 250mcg-750mcg when injected.

The lack of human data also limits our knowledge of whether and how long BPC-157 should be cycled. In animal studies, BPC-157 has been used for over 14 days without any safety issues or side effects [20]. However, researchers should note that this data should not be extrapolated to humans.

Learn more about BPC-157 dosing here.

Where to Buy BPC-157 Online?

Scientists looking to conduct research with BPC-157 as a reference material are well-advised to obtain the peptide strictly from reputable vendors specializing in research peptides. It is vital to buy BPC-157 online from a proper source.

Here are our top recommendations:

Limitless Life

Researchers can sourcer BPC-157 and other exceptional offerings from Limitless.

Purchasing from this excellent vendor offers the following benefits:

• USA-Made Peptides: Limitless Life sources all reference materials, including BPC-157, from accredited partners within the United States.

• Convenient Payment Options: Limitless Life offers flexible and secure payment methods, including select cryptocurrencies, cash on delivery (COD), Revolut, Cash App, and Zelle.

• Detailed Information: Apart from their high-quality peptides, Limitless Life also offers comprehensive information on the handling, reconstitution, and administration of research peptides such as BPC-157.

Buy high-quality BPC-157 with confidence from any of these reputable vendors!

How to Reconstitute BPC-157

BPC-157 for injection comes in a lyophilized powder that needs to be reconstituted using a sterile solvent. Experts recommend the use of bacteriostatic water, which suppresses microbial growth and ensures a four week shelf-life of the peptide when refrigerated.

In addition, researchers who plan to reconstitute peptides for research will also need alcohol swabs for disinfection, sterile syringes of at least 3cc, and sterile 1″ 21-gauge needles.

To ensure the safe reconstitution of BPC-157, researchers should follow this recommended procedure:

1. Allow the peptide and bacteriostatic water vials to rest at room temperature for 30 minutes, away from light and heat.

2. Disinfect the stoppers of both vials with alcohol prep pads.

3. Withdraw the correct amount of bacteriostatic water using a sterile needle and drip it into the vial with the lyophilized BPC-157, aiming the needle tip at the vial wall to prevent foaming.

4. Dispose of the needle and syringe safely in a sharps container.

5. If available, use sonication or let the BPC-157 vial rest and dissolve on its own without shaking. Avoid forcefully tapping the vial or syringe, as doing so may damage the peptide.

After successful reconstitution, researchers must check the clarity of the liquid and discard it if it’s cloudy or if there are particles present. Do not freeze reconstituted peptides, as doing so may damage their effectiveness regardless of the solvent used.

BPC-157 Injections | A-Z Guide

Injectable BPC-157 has been extensively studied via various routes, including intramuscular and intraperitoneal applications. However, subcutaneous administration is considered a safe and convenient method for research purposes. Here’s a brief guide to subcutaneous injections for researchers:

1. Use sterile needles and syringes.

2. Disinfect the injection site and pinch at least two inches of the test subject’s skin (allowing for variations in subcutaneous fat).

3. Insert the insulin needle quickly at a 45° angle, keeping the bevel up to avoid skin tearing.

4. Slowly inject the peptide, wait a few seconds, and remove the needle. The injection spot should not be massaged.

5. Dispose of used needles properly and always use new sterile needles and syringes for subsequent injections.

By adhering to these guidelines, researchers can confidently conduct experiments with BPC-157 and other research peptides.

Is BPC-157 Legal?

BPC-157 is a research chemical that is legally available for purchase in the United States exclusively for qualified researchers. It is a reference material that is unavailable for human use.

Researchers should also note that BPC-157 cannot be marketed or sold as a dietary supplement without appropriate authorization. It cannot be obtained over the counter like regular supplements.

Consumers in the United States are advised to exercise caution in instances where BPC-157 is mislabeled as a “supplement” or is falsely presented as an active ingredient in a supplement.

If BPC-157 is sold as a reference material, this must be clearly and accurately labeled. Such labeling is necessary to distinguish it from products intended for human consumption and to avoid confusion or misuse.

FAQ

How to Take BPC-157

Injectable BPC-157 for research is available as a lyophilized powder, which must be reconstituted with an appropriate solvent. BPC-157 capsules are also available through our preferred provider.

How is BPC-157 Delivered?

BPC-157 is typically delivered via subcutaneously administered injection.

Does BPC-157 Increase Testosterone?

No, there is no evidence to suggest that BPC-157 affects testosterone levels in any way.

Does BPC-157 Build Muscle?

No, BPC-157 has not been reported to stimulate muscle building. However, it may help prevent muscle loss in conditions such as cancer cachexia or short bowel syndrome [21, 31]. It may also aid in muscle recovery after injury [14].

Does BPC-157 Cause Weight Gain?

No, BPC-157 is not reported to cause weight gain but may help to prevent weight loss in serious conditions such as cancer cachexia or short bowel syndrome [21, 31].

Is BPC-157 a Steroid?

No, BPC-157 is a synthetic peptide made of amino acids.

BPC-157. Just. Works

BPC-157 is a peptide with vast research potential, including in the areas of tissue regeneration, wound healing, neuroprotection.

At this time, the majority of research into BPC-157 has been conducted in animals, and high-quality human trials are lacking. As of writing, limited information is available on the potential side effects of BPC-157.

The peptide is not available for human use as it is not approved for any indication. It is also a banned substance under the World Anti-Doping Agency Code and similar rules.

BPC-157 may be legally purchased in the United States for research purposes.

For researchers looking to purchase high-quality BPC-157 as a reference material, we highly recommend visiting our trusted vendor: Limitless Life.

References

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13. Chang CH, Tsai WC, Lin MS, Hsu YH, Pang JH. The promoting effect of pentadecapeptide BPC 157 on tendon healing involves tendon outgrowth, cell survival, and cell migration. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2011 Mar;110(3):774-80. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00945.2010. Epub 2010 Oct 28. PMID: 21030672.

14. Brcic L, Brcic I, Staresinic M, Novinscak T, Sikiric P, Seiwerth S. Modulatory effect of gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 on angiogenesis in muscle and tendon healing. J Physiol Pharmacol. 2009 Dec;60 Suppl 7:191-6. PMID: 20388964.

15. Krivic A, Anic T, Seiwerth S, Huljev D, Sikiric P. Achilles detachment in rat and stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157: Promoted tendon-to-bone healing and opposed corticosteroid aggravation. J Orthop Res. 2006 May;24(5):982-9. doi: 10.1002/jor.20096. PMID: 16583442.

16. Krivic A, Majerovic M, Jelic I, Seiwerth S, Sikiric P. Modulation of early functional recovery of Achilles tendon to bone unit after transection by BPC 157 and methylprednisolone. Inflamm Res. 2008 May;57(5):205-10. doi: 10.1007/s00011-007-7056-8. PMID: 18594781.

17. Sebecić B, Nikolić V, Sikirić P, Seiwerth S, Sosa T, Patrlj L, Grabarević Z, Rucman R, Petek M, Konjevoda P, Jadrijević S, Perović D, Slaj M. Osteogenic effect of a gastric pentadecapeptide, BPC-157, on the healing of segmental bone defect in rabbits: a comparison with bone marrow and autologous cortical bone implantation. Bone. 1999 Mar;24(3):195-202. doi: 10.1016/s8756-3282(98)00180-x. PMID: 10071911.

18. Sikirić, P., Gyires, K., Seiwerth, S., GrabarevlĆ, Z., RuČman, R., Petek, M., ... & Bura, M. (1993). The effect of pentadecapeptide BPC 157 on inflammatory, non-inflammatory, direct and indirect pain and capsaicin neurotoxicity. Inflammopharmacology, 2, 121-127.

19. Keremi B, Lohinai Z, Komora P, Duhaj S, Borsi K, Jobbagy-Ovari G, Kallo K, Szekely AD, Fazekas A, Dobo-Nagy C, Sikiric P, Varga G. Anti-inflammatory effect of BPC 157 on experimental periodontitis in rats. J Physiol Pharmacol. 2009 Dec;60 Suppl 7:115-22. PMID: 20388954.

20. Vuksic T, Zoricic I, Brcic L, Sever M, Klicek R, Radic B, Cesarec V, Berkopic L, Keller N, Blagaic AB, Kokic N, Jelic I, Geber J, Anic T, Seiwerth S, Sikiric P. Stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 in trials for inflammatory bowel disease (PL-10, PLD-116, PL14736, Pliva, Croatia) heals ileoileal anastomosis in the rat. Surg Today. 2007;37(9):768-77. doi: 10.1007/s00595-006-3498-9. Epub 2007 Aug 27. PMID: 17713731.

21. Sever M, Klicek R, Radic B, Brcic L, Zoricic I, Drmic D, Ivica M, Barisic I, Ilic S, Berkopic L, Blagaic AB, Coric M, Kolenc D, Vrcic H, Anic T, Seiwerth S, Sikiric P. Gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and short bowel syndrome in rats. Dig Dis Sci. 2009 Oct;54(10):2070-83. doi: 10.1007/s10620-008-0598-y. Epub 2008 Dec 18. PMID: 19093208.

22. Sikiric P, Hahm KB, Blagaic AB, Tvrdeic A, Pavlov KH, Petrovic A, Kokot A, Gojkovic S, Krezic I, Drmic D, Rucman R, Seiwerth S. Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157, Robert’s Stomach Cytoprotection/Adaptive Cytoprotection/Organoprotection, and Selye’s Stress Coping Response: Progress, Achievements, and the Future. Gut Liver. 2020 Mar 15;14(2):153-167. doi: 10.5009/gnl18490. PMID: 31158953; PMCID: PMC7096228.

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24. Sikiric P, Drmic D, Sever M, Klicek R, Blagaic AB, Tvrdeic A, Kralj T, Kovac KK, Vukojevic J, Siroglavic M, Gojkovic S, Krezic I, Pavlov KH, Rasic D, Mirkovic I, Kokot A, Skrtic A, Seiwerth S. Fistulas Healing. Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 Therapy. Curr Pharm Des. 2020;26(25):2991-3000. doi: 10.2174/1381612826666200424180139. PMID: 32329684.

25. Huang T, Zhang K, Sun L, Xue X, Zhang C, Shu Z, Mu N, Gu J, Zhang W, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang W. Body protective compound-157 enhances alkali-burn wound healing in vivo and promotes proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis in vitro. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2015 Apr 30;9:2485-99. doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S82030. PMID: 25995620; PMCID: PMC4425239.

26. Suran, J., Kolenc, D., Prevendar Crnic, A., Radic, B., Drmic, I., Seiwerth, S., & Sikiric, P. (2014). The effect of pentadecapeptide BPC 157 in metamphetamine‐induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity (1143.11). The FASEB Journal, 28, 1143-11.

27. Tudor M, Jandric I, Marovic A, Gjurasin M, Perovic D, Radic B, Blagaic AB, Kolenc D, Brcic L, Zarkovic K, Seiwerth S, Sikiric P. Traumatic brain injury in mice and pentadecapeptide BPC 157 effect. Regul Pept. 2010 Feb 25;160(1-3):26-32. doi: 10.1016/j.regpep.2009.11.012. Epub 2009 Nov 18. PMID: 19931318.

28. Seiwerth S, Milavic M, Vukojevic J, Gojkovic S, Krezic I, Vuletic LB, Pavlov KH, Petrovic A, Sikiric S, Vranes H, Prtoric A, Zizek H, Durasin T, Dobric I, Staresinic M, Strbe S, Knezevic M, Sola M, Kokot A, Sever M, Lovric E, Skrtic A, Blagaic AB, Sikiric P. Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and Wound Healing. Front Pharmacol. 2021 Jun 29;12:627533. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.627533. PMID: 34267654; PMCID: PMC8275860.

29. Klicek R, Kolenc D, Suran J, Drmic D, Brcic L, Aralica G, Sever M, Holjevac J, Radic B, Turudic T, Kokot A, Patrlj L, Rucman R, Seiwerth S, Sikiric P. Stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 heals cysteamine-colitis and colon-colon-anastomosis and counteracts cuprizone brain injuries and motor disability. J Physiol Pharmacol. 2013 Oct;64(5):597-612. PMID: 24304574.

30. Nair AB, Jacob S. A simple practice guide for dose conversion between animals and human. J Basic Clin Pharm. 2016 Mar;7(2):27-31. doi: 10.4103/0976-0105.177703. PMID: 27057123; PMCID: PMC4804402.

31. Kang EA, Han YM, An JM, Park YJ, Sikiric P, Kim DH, Kwon KA, Kim YJ, Yang D, Tchah H, Hahm KB. BPC157 as Potential Agent Rescuing from Cancer Cachexia. Curr Pharm Des. 2018;24(18):1947-1956. doi: 10.2174/1381612824666180614082950. PMID: 29898649.