Testosterone injections vs. creams vs. pellets vs. gels

Curious about…Testosterone Injections vs. Creams vs. Pellets vs. Gels?

Do you wonder which TRT medication is best for your unique needs?

Then you’ve come to the right place.

In this in-depth guide, we cover everything you MUST know about the different TRT treatment options, including testosterone injections, creams, pellets, and gels.

We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each of these testosterone medications, including their effectiveness, side effects, pros and cons, and more.

We even answer your most important questions, including:

• Which method of testosterone delivery is fastest?

• What are the pros and cons of testosterone injections?

• Which method of testosterone delivery is most effective?

By understanding these crucial aspects of TRT medication options available today – from injectable testosterone solutions to topical creams or gels – you can make a well-informed decision that supports your health goals.

P.S: This is the best place to get TRT online, 100% legally – no matter the form!

What is Testosterone?

Testosterone is a vital hormone for men, responsible for many of the physical and psychological characteristics that define them.

It is produced in the testicles and is responsible for increased muscle mass, energy levels, bone density, and facial hair growth. It also helps regulate sex drive, red blood cell production, mood and behavior [1].

Without adequate levels of testosterone, men can experience decreased libido, fatigue, depression, and weakened muscles [2].

Some key roles of testosterone include:

• Maintaining muscle mass and strength

• Promoting healthy bone density

• Fostering fat distribution patterns

• Aiding in red blood cell production

• Influencing mood, energy levels, and cognitive function

Beyond these crucial functions, testosterone also impacts overall health.

High testosterone levels are associated with lower risks of obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome.

The Importance of Healthy Testosterone Levels

Low testosterone may be linked to an increased risk of certain conditions, such as heart disease or type 2 diabetes. For this reason, it is important for men to maintain healthy levels of testosterone throughout their lives.

Testosterone levels tend to decline naturally with age as a result of decreased production by the testes.

This decline has led many men - both young and old - to experience symptoms associated with low testosterone such as:

• Fatigue

• Weight gain

• Reduced sex drive

• Mood swings

In addition to age-related declines in testosterone production, some health conditions can cause abnormally low or high testosterone levels.

These conditions include obesity, type 2 diabetes, thyroid disease and certain chronic diseases like kidney failure or liver cirrhosis.

What is TRT?

Testosterone Replacement Therapy (TRT) is a medical treatment designed to address the symptoms of low testosterone levels in men, commonly referred to as “low T.”

TRT involves the administration of an exogenous testosterone medication such as testosterone injections or creams. TRT is designed to optimize men’s total testosterone levels, so they can experience all the benefits of optimized hormone levels.

The benefits of TRT include:

• Increase in energy levels

• Better mood and mental clarity

• Improved muscle mass and strength

• Better sexual performance and libido

• Faster recovery from workouts or injuries

In order for TRT to be effective, it must be tailored to meet each individual’s needs.

Blood tests are used to measure testosterone levels before and after the therapy in order to monitor its efficacy and adjust dosages if necessary.

Certain lifestyle changes such as reducing stress, increasing exercise, quitting smoking, and improving diet may also be recommended in order to optimize therapeutic results.

In recent years, online TRT clinics like Fountain TRT have gained popularity as they offer convenient and effective solutions for those seeking hormone optimization.

Testosterone Injections vs. Creams vs. Pellets vs. Gels

Testosterone replacement therapy is relatively straightforward:

You take a prescription testosterone medication which helps you optimize your total testosterone levels.

Simple!

Of course, things aren’t THAT simple…you still have to perform regular blood work with your TRT doctor, and some patients will need additional medications to optimize their hormones.

Things get a little tricker when you start to look at the different types of testosterone medications that are available.

The truth is there are 4 main types of testosterone medications:

• Testosterone injections

• Testosterone creams

• Testosterone pellets

• Testosterone gels

Testosterone injections and creams are the most popular, and are recommended by most online TRT clinics including Fountain TRT. However, testosterone pellets and gels are also preferred by some patients and doctors.

Let’s start by examining testosterone injections, followed by the other three alternatives.

1. Testosterone Injections

Testosterone injections are one of the most popular and effective administration options for testosterone replacement therapy.

Injections are often called the “gold standard” treatment option for TRT as they have been studied the longest, and they have the largest body of clinical data backing their effectiveness [3].

Advantages of testosterone injections include:

• Easy to administer precise dosages of the medication

• Only have to inject 1-3 times per week for optimal results

• Produces extremely reliable increases in total testosterone

• Most studied administration option

• Less expensive than testosterone creams and other options

Testosterone injections are normally performed at least once per week. Frequent injections are necessary to maintain stable blood testosterone levels.

Here are some sample dosing protocols for testosterone injections:

• 100 Mg per week: A “conservative” TRT dose, ideal for beginners or doctors worried about side effects

• 150 Mg per week: The “gold standard” TRT dose, ideal for maximizing benefits of TRT while minimizing side effects

• 200 Mg per week: This is considered an aggressive dose, and the “upper limit” for testosterone therapy

While some people find testosterone injections to be painful or uncomfortable, they remain a popular choice for TRT doctors and patients alike.

Testosterone Injections | Verdict

Testosterone injections are one of the top 2 choices for TRT. They are ideal for optimizing men’s testosterone levels, extremely affordable, and easy to perform.

2. Testosterone Creams

Testosterone creams have quickly become one of the top 2 administration options for TRT (along with testosterone injections). With a prescription testosterone cream, all you have to do is apply the medication to your skin 1-2 times per day.

To maximize absorption, this is normally done on the shoulder or testicle.

Benefits of testosterone creams include:

• Extremely safe with minimal side effects

• Completely painless (unlike testosterone injections)

• Very easy to apply, requiring minimal skill

• Produces rapid, reliable increases in testosterone levels

Testosterone creams are normally applied twice per day - once in the morning, and again at night. These creams are extremely convenient and come with few side effects.

Of course, testosterone creams also have some significant drawbacks compared to other treatment options including testosterone injections:

• Testosterone creams are more expensive than testosterone medications

• They have to be applied 1-2 times per day for optimal results

If you can get past the slightly higher cost, and need to apply the medication up to twice per day, testosterone creams are an excellent choice. Many modern online TRT clinics like Fountain TRT offer them alongside testosterone injections for their patients.

Testosterone Creams | Verdict

Testosterone creams are one of the top 2 administration options for TRT. They are completely painless, have minimal side effects, and are very effective at optimizing men’s testosterone levels.

3. Testosterone Pellets

Testosterone pellets are a form of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) used to treat low testosterone levels in men.

The pellets, which are small cylinders about the size of a grain of rice, are inserted just under the skin. They slowly release testosterone into a man’s system over several months, providing a more consistent and steady level of testosterone than other delivery methods such as testosterone creams.

The pellets can be inserted in an outpatient office setting and require only local anesthesia.

• Convenience for the patient – it requires no daily maintenance

• Long-lasting – with each pellet lasting up to five months

Overall, testosterone pellets are a relatively rare choice for TRT doctors and patients.

Testosterone pellets are often overlooked because they must be surgically replaced every 3 months. Additionally, they tend to result in unstable testosterone levels, with higher levels immediately after the pellets are place, and lower levels after 2-3 months.

Testosterone Pellets | Verdict

Testosterone pellets are relatively rare - especially compared to testosterone injections and creams. The need for surgical intervention every 3 months makes them a relatively poor choice for most individuals.

4. Testosterone Gels

Testosterone gels are another rare type of testosterone therapy medication. They are similar to testosterone creams, in that you apply them directly to the skin 1-2 times per day.

Like creams, they offer steady hormone release throughout the day. However, testosterone gels are somewhat inferior as they have reduced absorption, and tend to irritate the skin.

• Potentially irritate the skin

• Reduced absorption vs creams

Some testosterone doctors used testosterone gels in the past. However, nowadays most TRT doctors prefer testosterone creams for anyone looking for a solid alternative to traditional testosterone injections

Testosterone Gels | Verdict

Testosterone gels are a slightly outdated for of testosterone therapy, as testosterone creams have replaced them as a superior alternative to testosterone injections.

Which TRT Medication Is Best For You?

As discussed earlier, there are 4 main testosterone medications for you to choose from:

• Testosterone injections

• Testosterone creams

• Testosterone pellets

• Testosterone gels

Overall, we believe testosterone injections and creams are the best choices for most individuals. They are also the most popular options for modern online TRT clinics like Fountain TRT.

Here’s a detailed breakdown of each option:

Testosterone Injections

The most common form of TRT is injectable testosterone. Let’s dig a bit deeper as to why…

Testosterone Injections Pros:

• Extremely Effective: Testosterone injections provide a direct delivery of hormone into the body, leading to quicker and more pronounced effects as compared to other forms of administration.

• Precise Dosing: Testosterone injections allow for precise dosing protocols. The exact amount of testosterone is administered, making it easier to manage and adjust based on individual needs.

• Infrequent Dosing: Depending on the type of injectable testosterone, injections might be needed only 1-3 times per week, which can be more convenient than daily applications required for creams, gels, or patches.

• Clinical Data: There is a wealth of clinical data supporting the efficacy and safety of testosterone injections, as they’ve been successfully used for several decades.

• Affordable: Testosterone injections can be less expensive than other forms of testosterone replacement therapy, making them a more affordable choice for many.

Testosterone Injections Cons:

• Potentially Painful: Injections can be uncomfortable or painful, and some people may experience soreness or bruising at the injection site.

• Learning Curve: If self-administered, injections require a learning curve to get used to the process and to do it correctly. They also need a level of comfort with needles and the injection process.

Overall, testosterone injections are one of the top 2 administration methods for testosterone replacement therapy. They have been studied for decades, and they have the most clinical data backing their safety and efficacy.

They allow for precise dosing protocols, and you only have to perform testosterone injections 1-3 times per week for optimal results.

Testosterone Creams

While injectable TRT is still the most popular form of testosterone therapy, creams have become popular as of late…

Testosterone Creams Pros:

• Rapid Absorption: Testosterone creams are absorbed quickly through the skin into the bloodstream, ensuring quick action of the hormone.

• Pain-Free: Application of creams is a non-invasive and painless process as compared to injections.

• Minimal Side Effects: As creams are applied topically, they tend to have fewer overall side effects compared to injections. However, they may cause local skin reactions in some people.

• Clinical Data: There is substantial clinical data supporting the efficacy and safety of testosterone creams, making them a reliable option.

• Easy to Use: The application process is simple and does not require medical supervision, making it easier for daily use.

Testosterone Creams Cons:

• More Expensive: Testosterone creams can be more expensive than injections, which can be a consideration for long-term treatment.

• Daily Application: Unlike injections, testosterone creams require daily application which might be less convenient for some people.

Testosterone creams are another fantastic treatment option, and our preferred method for anyone weary about performing testosterone injections.

They are extremely safe, have virtually zero side effects, and are completely painless and easy to use! The only real drawbacks are that they are slightly more expensive than injections, and they must be applied twice per day for optimal results.

Overall, testosterone creams are one of our top 2 treatment methods.

Testosterone Pellets

Testosterone pellets are not that popular these days for a few reasons. Let’s find out why…

Testosterone Pellets Pros:

• Easy to Use: Once implanted, testosterone pellets don’t require daily administration or application, making them an easy-to-use form of testosterone replacement therapy.

• Infrequent Application: Testosterone pellets are typically implanted under the skin every 3-6 months. This infrequent application schedule can be more convenient for some patients than other forms of testosterone therapy that require daily or weekly administration.

Testosterone Pellets Cons:

• Expensive: The cost of testosterone pellet implantation is generally higher than other forms of testosterone replacement therapy, and it may not be covered by all insurance plans.

• Surgical Procedure: The implantation of testosterone pellets is a minor surgical procedure, which carries risks such as infection, bleeding, or pellet extrusion. Additionally, it requires a visit to a healthcare provider and local anesthesia.

• Less Effective: The effectiveness of testosterone pellets can vary between individuals, and for some, they may not deliver a consistent enough dose to manage symptoms adequately. As the pellets dissolve over time, free testosterone levels can drop, which may lead to periods of sub-optimal symptom control.

Testosterone pellets are far less popular than creams and injections.

They have to be surgically applied once every 3-4 months, and they tend to result in large fluctuations in your total testosterone levels. And if a change in your protocol is needed, your doctor has to immediately perform another surgery to replace the pellets!

While some people may prefer testosterone pellets, overall we feel they are an inferior option when compared to testosterone creams and injections.

Testosterone Gels

While testosterone gels aren’t horrible, there are far better ways to administer TRT. Here’s why…

Testosterone Gels Pros:

• Easy to Use: Testosterone gels are applied topically, making them an easy, non-invasive method of administration. The process doesn’t require any medical supervision, making it suitable for daily use.

Testosterone Gels Cons:

• More Expensive: Testosterone gels are often more expensive than other forms of testosterone replacement therapy such as injections.

• Harsh on Skin: Some individuals may experience skin irritation, including dryness, redness, or rashes, at the application site.

• Daily Application: Unlike certain forms of testosterone therapy, gels need to be applied daily, which might be less convenient for some people.

• Risk of Transfer: Similar to testosterone creams, there’s a risk of transferring testosterone to others through skin contact, which can be harmful, especially to children and pregnant women.

• Inconsistent Absorption: Depending on factors like skin type, location of application, and activities like swimming or bathing, the absorption of testosterone from gels can vary, potentially leading to less consistent control of symptoms.

Overall, testosterone gels are just an inferior version of the newer testosterone creams. Testosterone gels are much harsher on the skin, and tend to result in less stable blood testosterone levels.

If you are interested in using a testosterone medication that is absorbed directly through the skin, we strongly recommend choosing a high-quality testosterone cream instead.

How To Get Started On TRT

Are you wondering how to actually get started on TRT? Don’t worry - it’s a lot simpler than you might think.

All you have to do is follow these simple steps:

• Contact an online TRT clinic: Reach out to a reputable online TRT clinic and schedule your 100% risk-free consultation!

• Get bloodwork done: Before starting any form of hormone therapy, it’s essential to perform a blood test. Your TRT doctor will guide you through on how to do this, including the exact tests you need to perform.

• Get your customized treatment plan: If you are a good candidate for TRT, then your testosterone doctor will create a customized treatment plan for you. We recommend talking about testosterone creams and injections, so you know which choice is best for you.

• Start using your testosterone medication: This is the fun part! After you get your customized treatment plan, your doctor will ship your medication straight to your door. From there, you can start using it to optimize your testosterone levels!

Getting started on testosterone therapy is really quite simple.

You just contact an online TRT clinic, get a blood test, go over the results with your doctor, and then start using your prescription testosterone medication!

The biggest challenge is finding a reliable online TRT provider to work with. Fortunately, our team of experts has identified an online testosterone clinic that exceeds all of our expectations:

Fountain TRT!

Fountain TRT | The #1 Online TRT Clinic

Fountain TRT is the #1 online TRT clinic in the United States.

This isn’t just our opinion, though - Fountain TRT has dozens of 5-star reviews on their website, proving that real-world customers are thrilled with the level of care that they have received.

Here are just a few of the reasons we love Fountain TRT:

• Free consultations for anyone interested in their TRT services

• World-class TRT doctors with decades of experience treating patients

• A fast, streamlined process to get you started on TRT as quickly as possible

• Year-round monitoring of your bloodwork and overall TRT program

• Extremely competitive pricing for TRT and all other related services

Fountain TRT was founded by Dr. Doron Stember - a renowned expert in treating patients with low T levels. He established Fountain because he realized that traditional clinics were not providing adequate treatment options to those suffering from low testosterone.

No more waiting rooms or dealing with general practitioners who lack expertise; at Fountain, you will immediately consult with qualified professionals who understand your unique needs.

To get started with TRT, all you have to do is follow these simple steps:

• Step #1: Contact Fountain TRT, fill out their low-T questionnaire, and schedule an appointment with your new testosterone doctor. This is your chance to discuss your low T symptoms, and ask any questions you have about TRT.

• Step #2: Perform a comprehensive blood test. Your testosterone doctor will guide you through this process, including picking the right tests and helping you schedule your appointment.

• Step #3: Review the results of your blood test, get your customized treatment plan, and start using your new prescription testosterone medication!

Getting started with Fountain TRT is really that simple!

An added bonus, Fountain TRT uses a variety of testosterone medications, including creams and injections, so you can pick the one that best suits your unique needs.

Overall, we strongly recommend Fountain TRT for anyone looking for a reliable, high-quality online TRT clinic.

Here is where you can learn more:

Click Here to get started with Fountain TRT today!

TRT Benefits

Testosterone Replacement Therapy (TRT) is the #1 treatment option in the world for men suffering from low testosterone levels.

TRT offers numerous benefits that can improve your overall health and well-being, including:

• Increased muscle mass: Higher testosterone levels promote muscle growth, making it easier to build lean body mass [4].

• Better fat distribution: Testosterone helps regulate fat distribution in the body, reducing belly fat and promoting healthier weight management [5].

• Improved energy levels: With higher testosterone comes increased energy, helping you feel more alert and focused throughout the day [6].

• Elevated mood and cognition: Testosterone plays a role in regulating mood; boosting your T-levels may help alleviate symptoms of depression or anxiety while improving cognitive function [7].

• Better sexual performance and libido: Healthy testosterone levels are essential for maintaining sex drive and erectile function. TRT can enhance both aspects of your sexual health [8].

In addition to these direct benefits, TRT has been linked to improved cardiovascular health by lowering cholesterol levels, reducing inflammation markers like C-reactive protein (CRP), and increasing insulin sensitivity [9].

This makes it an excellent option not only for those experiencing symptoms of low T but also for individuals looking to optimize their overall health profile.

If you suspect that low testosterone may be affecting your health and well-being, consider consulting with a medical professional specializing in hormone therapy like Fountain TRT.

They can assess your situation and direct you to the right approach for raising testosterone levels.

TRT Side Effects

Testosterone replacement therapy is an extremely safe and effective medical treatment for men with low T.

While most people never experience any side effects from the treatment, there are a few side effects that you should be aware of.

These side effects include:

• Acne and oily skin: Increased testosterone levels may cause acne or increased oil production in some individuals [10].

• Breast enlargement (gynecomastia): Some men experience elevated estrogen levels due to aromatization of testosterone. This could lead to breast tissue growth in men [11].

• Sleep apnea: TRT has been linked to worsening sleep apnea symptoms in some cases, particularly if not properly monitored by a healthcare professional [12].

• Blood clotting issues: Testosterone may increase the risk of blood clots forming in deep veins (deep vein thrombosis) or lungs (pulmonary embolism) [13].

• Elevated red blood cell count (polycythemia): Higher testosterone levels can stimulate bone marrow production of red blood cells, potentially leading to an increased risk for heart attack or stroke if left untreated [14].

To mitigate these side effects, it is crucial to work closely with your healthcare provider and have regular check-ups throughout your treatment.

They will monitor your hormone levels and adjust dosages accordingly while providing guidance on managing any adverse reactions that may occur during therapy.

TRT Frequently Asked Questions

1. What is Testosterone Replacement Therapy Used for?

Testosterone Replacement Therapy is primarily used to treat low testosterone levels in men, helping them improve energy levels, sexual performance, mood, and overall well-being.

2. How is TRT Given to The Patient?

TRT can be administered through various methods such as injections, creams, pellets, or gels depending on individual preferences and medical recommendations.

Injectable testosterone is the most common form of TRT, but creams, gels, and pellets are also effective options.

3. Can TRT Help Me Feel More Energetic?

Absolutely! One of the main benefits of TRT is an increase in energy levels due to optimized testosterone production within your body.

Injectable testosterone therapy is particularly effective in boosting energy levels.

4. Are There any Dietary Restrictions While on TRT?

No specific dietary restrictions exist for those undergoing TRT; however, maintaining a healthy diet will complement your therapy and enhance its effectiveness.

Eating a balanced diet rich in protein, healthy fats, and fiber can help support your hormone levels.

5. Can I Exercise While on TRT?

You can - and should - exercise during your treatment since physical activity helps boost natural testosterone production alongside improving overall health outcomes from therapy.

Resistance training, in particular, can help increase muscle mass and improve body composition.

6. Can Women Use TRT?

In certain cases like hormone imbalances or menopause symptoms, women may also benefit from low-dose testosterone treatments under medical supervision; but it’s essential to consult with a healthcare professional first.

Bioidentical hormones are often used in women’s hormone replacement therapy to minimize side effects.

7. Can I Stop TRT Once I Start Feeling Better?

It’s important to note that stopping TRT without consulting your doctor may lead to a relapse of low testosterone symptoms.

Always consult with your healthcare provider before making any changes to your treatment plan.

8. Are There any Age Restrictions for Using TRT?

There are no specific age restrictions, but it’s crucial to undergo thorough medical evaluation and consultation with a healthcare professional before starting TRT at any age.

It is important to work with a qualified healthcare provider in order to ensure that the frequency and dosage of injections are optimized for individual hormone levels and body composition.

9. Can I Use TRT if I’m Trying to Conceive?

TRT can potentially affect fertility in men; therefore, it is essential to discuss this aspect with your healthcare provider when considering therapy while planning for conception.

Testosterone pellets and gels may have less impact on fertility than injectable testosterone. Additionally, body hair growth may increase with injectable testosterone, particularly in the upper arms.

Which Testosterone Medication Is Best For You? | Verdict

Selecting the appropriate testosterone replacement treatment (TRT) approach is critical for adjusting your hormone levels and enhancing your general wellbeing.

Let’s recap the four main TRT administration methods:

• Testosterone Injections: Highly effective, fast-acting, and long-lasting.

• Testosterone Creams: Easy to apply, pain-free, and convenient for daily use.

• Testosterone Pellets: Long-lasting with a slow-release mechanism, but requires a minor surgical procedure.

• Testosterone Gels: Similar benefits as creams, but have more overall side effects.

Overall, we believe testosterone injections and creams are the best testosterone medications for most people. They have been around the longest, and have the most clinical data backing their safety and efficacy.

Here are some general guidelines on how to choose between testosterone injections and creams:

• #1 Choice - Testosterone Injections: Have the most clinical data, are extremely effective, less expensive than creams, allow for precise dosing protocols, only need to be administered 1-3 times per week

• #2 Choice - Testosterone Creams: Are completely painless, easy to apply, are extremely effective with minimal side effects, a perfect alternative to testosterone injections

Testosterone injections and creams are perfect for any man looking to optimize their testosterone levels, and experience all the benefits that TRT has to offer. To get started with TRT, we strongly recommend working with a reputable online TRT clinic.

So what are you waiting for?

Contact Fountain TRT today and get ready to feel like a whole new man!

References

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2. Jia H, Sullivan CT, McCoy SC, Yarrow JF, Morrow M, Borst SE. Review of health risks of low testosterone and testosterone administration. World J Clin Cases. 2015 Apr 16;3(4):338-44. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v3.i4.338. PMID: 25879005; PMCID: PMC4391003.

3. Shoskes JJ, Wilson MK, Spinner ML. Pharmacology of testosterone replacement therapy preparations. Transl Androl Urol. 2016 Dec;5(6):834-843. doi: 10.21037/tau.2016.07.10. PMID: 28078214; PMCID: PMC5182226.

4. Brodsky IG, Balagopal P, Nair KS. Effects of testosterone replacement on muscle mass and muscle protein synthesis in hypogonadal men--a clinical research center study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1996 Oct;81(10):3469-75. doi: 10.1210/jcem.81.10.8855787. PMID: 8855787.

5. Traish AM. Testosterone and weight loss: the evidence. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2014 Oct;21(5):313-22. doi: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000086. PMID: 25105998; PMCID: PMC4154787.

6. Straftis AA, Gray PB. Sex, Energy, Well-Being and Low Testosterone: An Exploratory Survey of U.S. Men’s Experiences on Prescription Testosterone. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Sep 5;16(18):3261. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16183261. PMID: 31491933; PMCID: PMC6765788.

7. Jung HJ, Shin HS. Effect of Testosterone Replacement Therapy on Cognitive Performance and Depression in Men with Testosterone Deficiency Syndrome. World J Mens Health. 2016 Dec;34(3):194-199. doi: 10.5534/wjmh.2016.34.3.194. Epub 2017 Jan 23. PMID: 28053949; PMCID: PMC5209560.

8. Yang HJ, Kim KH, Kim DS, Lee CH, Jeon YS, Shim SR, Kim JH. The Effect of Testosterone Replacement on Sexual Function in the Elderly: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. World J Mens Health. 2023 Jan 4. doi: 10.5534/wjmh.220171. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 36649923.

9. Saad F, Aversa A, Isidori AM, Zafalon L, Zitzmann M, Gooren L. Onset of effects of testosterone treatment and time span until maximum effects are achieved. Eur J Endocrinol. 2011 Nov;165(5):675-85. doi: 10.1530/EJE-11-0221. Epub 2011 Jul 13. PMID: 21753068; PMCID: PMC3188848.

10. Elsaie ML. Hormonal treatment of acne vulgaris: an update. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2016 Sep 2;9:241-8. doi: 10.2147/CCID.S114830. PMID: 27621661; PMCID: PMC5015761.

11. Swerdloff RS, Ng JCM. Gynecomastia: Etiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment. [Updated 2023 Jan 6]. In: Feingold KR, Anawalt B, Blackman MR, et al., editors. Endotext [Internet]. South Dartmouth (MA): MDText.com, Inc.; 2000-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279105/

12. Kim SD, Cho KS. Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Testosterone Deficiency. World J Mens Health. 2019 Jan;37(1):12-18. doi: 10.5534/wjmh.180017. Epub 2018 May 16. PMID: 29774669; PMCID: PMC6305865.

13. Thompson K, Osorio LG, Mughni S, Jordan J, Oyesanmi O. An Interesting Presentation of Testosterone-Induced Arterial Thrombosis. Cureus. 2021 May 11;13(5):e14972. doi: 10.7759/cureus.14972. PMID: 34123668; PMCID: PMC8191646.

14. Cervi A, Balitsky AK. Testosterone use causing erythrocytosis. CMAJ. 2017 Oct 16;189(41):E1286-E1288. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.170683. PMID: 29038321; PMCID: PMC5647167.